See carolingien on Wiktionary
{
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"2": ":af",
"3": "la:Carolingus<alt:Carolingī><t:Carolings (descendants of Charles Martel)>",
"4": "-ien",
"id": "Carolingian",
"text": "++",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ǵerh₂-der.\nProto-Germanic *karaz\nProto-Germanic *karilaz\nProto-West Germanic *karil\nProto-Indo-European *-n̥kʷo-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHnos\nProto-Germanic *-īnaz\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Germanic *-gaz\n?\nProto-Germanic *-ingaz\nProto-West Germanic *-ing\nLatin Carolingī\nProto-Indo-European *-(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-ijos\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -ius\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Italic *-nos\nProto-Italic *-ānos\nLatin -ānus\nLatin -iānus\nOld French -ien\nMiddle French -ien\nFrench -ien\nFrench carolingien\n[Caroling]]s (descendants of Charles Martel)\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"grow old\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", 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adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-nós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-iHnos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-īnaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-gaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ingaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ing\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"uder\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"Carolingus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"-ian\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"-ian\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"-ian\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ijos\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-(i)yós\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ios\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ios\", \"lang\" : \"itc-ola\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ius\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"-ian\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ine-pro\", \"id\" : \"verbal adjectives\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-nós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-nos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ānos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ānus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-iānus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ien\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"-ien\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"-ien\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"carolingien\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }\" data-id=\"Carolingian\" data-lang=\"fr\" data-title=\"carolingien\" id=\"French:_Carolingian\">\nFrom Latin Carolingī (“Carolings (descendants of Charles Martel)”) + French -ien.",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "Carolinge",
"3": "-ien"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, Carolinge + -ien",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "Carlingien"
},
"expansion": "Middle French Carlingien",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ǵerh₂-der.\nProto-Germanic *karaz\nProto-Germanic *karilaz\nProto-West Germanic *karil\nProto-Indo-European *-n̥kʷo-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHnos\nProto-Germanic *-īnaz\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Germanic *-gaz\n?\nProto-Germanic *-ingaz\nProto-West Germanic *-ing\nLatin Carolingī\nProto-Indo-European *-(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-ijos\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -ius\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Italic *-nos\nProto-Italic *-ānos\nLatin -ānus\nLatin -iānus\nOld French -ien\nMiddle French -ien\nFrench -ien\nFrench carolingien\nFrom Latin Carolingī (“Carolings (descendants of Charles Martel)”) + French -ien. By surface analysis, Carolinge + -ien.\nCompare Middle French Carlingien.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "carolingienne",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "carolingiens",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "carolingiennes",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "carlingien",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "carlovingien",
"tags": [
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"misconstruction",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
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"args": {},
"expansion": "carolingien (feminine carolingienne, masculine plural carolingiens, feminine plural carolingiennes)",
"name": "fr-adj"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
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"parents": [],
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{
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{
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{
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"langcode": "fr",
"name": "Nobility",
"orig": "fr:Nobility",
"parents": [],
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}
],
"glosses": [
"Carolingian"
],
"id": "en-carolingien-fr-adj-oLqyeF2R",
"links": [
[
"Carolingian",
"Carolingian"
]
],
"wikipedia": [
"Charles Martel"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ka.ʁɔ.lɛ̃.ʒjɛ̃/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-carolingien.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f4/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-carolingien.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-carolingien.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f4/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-carolingien.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-carolingien.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
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"Lyon"
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}
],
"word": "carolingien"
}
{
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"2": ":af",
"3": "la:Carolingus<alt:Carolingī><t:Carolings (descendants of Charles Martel)>",
"4": "-ien",
"id": "Carolingian",
"text": "++",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ǵerh₂-der.\nProto-Germanic *karaz\nProto-Germanic *karilaz\nProto-West Germanic *karil\nProto-Indo-European *-n̥kʷo-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHnos\nProto-Germanic *-īnaz\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Germanic *-gaz\n?\nProto-Germanic *-ingaz\nProto-West Germanic *-ing\nLatin Carolingī\nProto-Indo-European *-(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-ijos\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -ius\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Italic *-nos\nProto-Italic *-ānos\nLatin -ānus\nLatin -iānus\nOld French -ien\nMiddle French -ien\nFrench -ien\nFrench carolingien\n[Caroling]]s (descendants of Charles Martel)\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"grow old\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ǵerh₂-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*karaz\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*karilaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*karil\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-n̥kʷo-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-nós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-iHnos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-īnaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-gaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ingaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ing\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"uder\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"Carolingus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"-ian\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"-ian\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"-ian\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ijos\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-(i)yós\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ios\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ios\", \"lang\" : \"itc-ola\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ius\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"-ian\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ine-pro\", \"id\" : \"verbal adjectives\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-nós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-nos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ānos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ānus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-iānus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ien\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"-ien\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"-ien\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"carolingien\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }\" data-id=\"Carolingian\" data-lang=\"fr\" data-title=\"carolingien\" id=\"French:_Carolingian\">\nFrom Latin Carolingī (“Carolings (descendants of Charles Martel)”) + French -ien.",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "Carolinge",
"3": "-ien"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, Carolinge + -ien",
"name": "surf"
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{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "Carlingien"
},
"expansion": "Middle French Carlingien",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ǵerh₂-der.\nProto-Germanic *karaz\nProto-Germanic *karilaz\nProto-West Germanic *karil\nProto-Indo-European *-n̥kʷo-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHnos\nProto-Germanic *-īnaz\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Germanic *-gaz\n?\nProto-Germanic *-ingaz\nProto-West Germanic *-ing\nLatin Carolingī\nProto-Indo-European *-(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-ijos\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -ius\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Italic *-nos\nProto-Italic *-ānos\nLatin -ānus\nLatin -iānus\nOld French -ien\nMiddle French -ien\nFrench -ien\nFrench carolingien\nFrom Latin Carolingī (“Carolings (descendants of Charles Martel)”) + French -ien. By surface analysis, Carolinge + -ien.\nCompare Middle French Carlingien.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "carolingienne",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "carolingiens",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "carolingiennes",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "carlingien",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "carlovingien",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"misconstruction",
"obsolete"
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}
],
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"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
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"French adjectives",
"French entries with etymology texts",
"French entries with etymology trees",
"French entries with etymon",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"French terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"French terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵerh₂-",
"French terms suffixed with -ien",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
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"fr:Nobility"
],
"glosses": [
"Carolingian"
],
"links": [
[
"Carolingian",
"Carolingian"
]
],
"wikipedia": [
"Charles Martel"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ka.ʁɔ.lɛ̃.ʒjɛ̃/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-carolingien.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f4/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-carolingien.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-carolingien.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"France",
"Lyon"
]
}
],
"word": "carolingien"
}
Download raw JSONL data for carolingien meaning in All languages combined (9.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.